Tag: Skin Cancer

Dynamical modeling of proliferative-invasive plasticity and IFN{gamma} signaling in melanoma reveals mechanisms of PD-L1 expression heterogeneity

Background Phenotypic heterogeneity of melanoma cells contributes to drug tolerance, increased metastasis, and immune evasion in patients with progressive disease. Diverse mechanisms have been individually reported to shape extensive intra-tumor and inter-tumor phenotypic heterogeneity, such as IFN signaling and proliferative to invasive transition, but how their crosstalk impacts tumor progression remains largely elusive. Methods Here,… Continue reading Dynamical modeling of proliferative-invasive plasticity and IFN{gamma} signaling in melanoma reveals mechanisms of PD-L1 expression heterogeneity

Local blockade of tacrolimus promotes T-cell-mediated tumor regression in systemically immunosuppressed hosts

Background Immunosuppressive drugs such as tacrolimus have revolutionized our ability to transplant organs between individuals. Tacrolimus acts systemically to suppress the activity of T-cells within and around transplanted organs. However, tacrolimus also suppresses T-cell function in the skin, contributing to a high incidence of skin cancer and associated mortality and morbidity in solid organ transplant… Continue reading Local blockade of tacrolimus promotes T-cell-mediated tumor regression in systemically immunosuppressed hosts

CXCR6 orchestrates brain CD8+ T cell residency and limits mouse Alzheimer’s disease pathology

Abstract Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), are characterized by innate immune-mediated inflammation, but functional and mechanistic effects of the adaptive immune system remain unclear. Here we identify brain-resident CD8+ T cells that coexpress CXCR6 and PD-1 and are in proximity to plaque-associated microglia in human and mouse AD brains. We also establish that CD8+… Continue reading CXCR6 orchestrates brain CD8+ T cell residency and limits mouse Alzheimer’s disease pathology

New insights into melanoma development and therapy

Researchers have revealed that the expression of a specific isoform of GREB1 Is4 is induced in malignant melanoma cells by the melanocyte-specific transcription factor, MITF. They revealed that GREB1 Is4 stimulates pyrimidine biosynthesis and promotes cancer cell proliferation. Furthermore, the anti-tumor effect of antisense nucleic acids against GREB1 showed a potential new modality for malignant… Continue reading New insights into melanoma development and therapy

High incidence of cytokine-release syndrome in patients with advanced NSCLC treated with nivolumab plus ipilimumab

We have conducted a multicenter, open-label, randomized phase III trial (JCOG2007) comparing platinum combination chemotherapy (two cycles) with nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus platinum combination chemotherapy with pembrolizumab in individuals with previously untreated advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).1 Patient enrollment started in April 2021 with a target of 422 cases. However, among the 148 patients… Continue reading High incidence of cytokine-release syndrome in patients with advanced NSCLC treated with nivolumab plus ipilimumab

Why men, wealthy people and maritime residents are more likely to develop skin cancer

A new study examines why people living in Atlantic regions are more at-risk for developing melanoma than other Canadians, providing lessons on skin cancer prevention for the whole country. To find out why, the researchers compared UV exposure and behaviours among different groups in Atlantic Canada based on income, education, and gender, among other factors.

Vinblastine resets tumor-associated macrophages toward M1 phenotype and promotes antitumor immune response

Background Massive tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) infiltration is observed in many tumors, which usually display the immune-suppressive M2-like phenotype but can also be converted to an M1-like antitumor phenotype due to their high degree of plasticity. The macrophage polarization state is associated with changes in cell shape, macrophage morphology is associated with activation status. M1 macrophages… Continue reading Vinblastine resets tumor-associated macrophages toward M1 phenotype and promotes antitumor immune response