Effect of somatosensory electrical stimulation on hand choice

Hand choice, an unconscious decision, is influenced by target-related information, but if these are non-informative, the choice will be approximately 50-50. In this equilibrium situation, non-target information may also aid in decision-making, but no research has demonstrated this. Now, researchers have investigated the effect of somatosensory stimulation on motor decisions in healthy participants. The results… Continue reading Effect of somatosensory electrical stimulation on hand choice

How humans continuously adapt while walking stably

Researchers have developed a model that explains how humans adapt continuously during complex tasks, like walking, while remaining stable. The findings were detailed in a recent paper published in the journal Nature Communications authored by Nidhi Seethapathi, an assistant professor in MIT’s Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences; Barrett C. Clark, a robotics software engineer… Continue reading How humans continuously adapt while walking stably

How the brain prevents us from falling

This post is adapted from an MIT research news story. *** As we navigate the world, we adapt our movement in response to changes in the environment. From rocky terrain to moving escalators, we seamlessly modify our movements to maximize energy efficiency and our reduce risk of falling. The computational principles underlying this phenomenon, however,… Continue reading How the brain prevents us from falling

Dendritic Spines of Layer 5 Pyramidal Neurons of the Aging Somatosensory Cortex Exhibit Reduced Volumetric Remodeling

Impairments in synaptic dynamics and stability are observed both in neurodegenerative disorders and in the healthy aging cortex, which exhibits elevated dendritic spine turnover and decreased long-term stability of excitatory connections at baseline, as well as an altered response to plasticity induction. In addition to the discrete gain and loss of synapses, spines also change… Continue reading Dendritic Spines of Layer 5 Pyramidal Neurons of the Aging Somatosensory Cortex Exhibit Reduced Volumetric Remodeling

Defects in Exosome Biogenesis Are Associated with Sensorimotor Defects in Zebrafish vps4a Mutants

Mutations in human VPS4A are associated with neurodevelopmental defects, including motor delays and defective muscle tone. VPS4A encodes a AAA-ATPase required for membrane scission, but how mutations in VPS4A lead to impaired control of motor function is not known. Here we identified a mutation in zebrafish vps4a, T248I, that affects sensorimotor transformation. Biochemical analyses indicate… Continue reading Defects in Exosome Biogenesis Are Associated with Sensorimotor Defects in Zebrafish vps4a Mutants

Disruption of the Autism-Associated Pcdh9 Gene Leads to Transcriptional Alterations, Synapse Overgrowth, and Defective Network Activity in the CA1

Protocadherins, a family of adhesion molecules with a crucial role in cell–cell interactions, have emerged as key players in neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. In particular, growing evidence links genetic alterations in the protocadherin 9 (PCDH9) gene with autism spectrum disorder and major depressive disorder. Furthermore, Pcdh9 deletion induces neuronal defects in the mouse somatosensory cortex,… Continue reading Disruption of the Autism-Associated Pcdh9 Gene Leads to Transcriptional Alterations, Synapse Overgrowth, and Defective Network Activity in the CA1