Tag: Neurotransmission and Signaling

Association between Inhibitory-Excitatory Balance and Brain Activity Response during Cognitive Flexibility in Young and Older Individuals

AI SummaryThe study focuses on the association between inhibitory-excitatory balance in the left inferior frontal cortex (IFC) and left inferior parietal lobule (IPL) and brain activity response during cognitive flexibility in young and older individuals. Results indicate differences in metabolic mechanisms underlying cognitive flexibility in the two age groups, with implications for executive functioning and… Continue reading Association between Inhibitory-Excitatory Balance and Brain Activity Response during Cognitive Flexibility in Young and Older Individuals

ALS-Linked VapB P56S Mutation Alters Neuronal Mitochondrial Turnover at the Synapse

AI SummaryThis article investigates the impact of an ALS-linked VapB P56S mutation on neuronal mitochondrial turnover at synapses. The study shows that wild-type VapB increases mitophagy in the axon terminal while the mutated VapBP56S leads to increased mitochondrial biogenesis without a corresponding increase in mitophagy, suggesting an impaired response. It also indicates that VapB’s role… Continue reading ALS-Linked VapB P56S Mutation Alters Neuronal Mitochondrial Turnover at the Synapse

Dopamine Release in the Nucleus Accumbens Core Encodes the General Excitatory Components of Learning

AI SummaryThis study focuses on dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens core (NAcC) during a backward conditioning task in rats. The research shows that dopamine release in the NAcC encodes the general excitatory components of learning, which is different from the traditional understanding of dopamine’s role in reward prediction error signaling. The findings highlight the… Continue reading Dopamine Release in the Nucleus Accumbens Core Encodes the General Excitatory Components of Learning

Cortical Tagged Synaptic Long-Term Depression in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex of Adult Mice

AI SummaryThis study focuses on the detection of synaptic tagging of long-term depression (LTD) in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of adult mice. The researchers found that this form of LTD in the ACC requires the activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 1 (mGluR1) and is time-related, with the strongest effect seen at an interval… Continue reading Cortical Tagged Synaptic Long-Term Depression in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex of Adult Mice

Acute Ongoing Nociception Delays Recovery of Consciousness from Sevoflurane Anesthesia via a Midbrain Circuit

AI SummaryThis article discusses how acute noxious stimuli delay recovery from sevoflurane anesthesia in male mice and how the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) region is involved in regulating general anesthesia in response to pain. The study found that certain analgesics could prevent the delayed recovery induced by acute nociception and identified the specific circuit and… Continue reading Acute Ongoing Nociception Delays Recovery of Consciousness from Sevoflurane Anesthesia via a Midbrain Circuit

Norepinephrine Neurons in the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract Suppress Luteinizing Hormone Secretion in Female Mice

AI SummaryThe research focuses on the impact of stress on fertility through the suppression of luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in female mice. The study identifies a population of catecholamine neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) that are activated during stress and can suppress LH pulses, increase corticosterone secretion, and induce sickness-like behavior.… Continue reading Norepinephrine Neurons in the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract Suppress Luteinizing Hormone Secretion in Female Mice

Constitutive and Conditional Epitope Tagging of Endogenous G-Protein-Coupled Receptors in Drosophila

AI SummaryThis article discusses the use of molecular techniques to add epitope tags to neuromodulatory G-protein-coupled receptors in Drosophila. The study generated constitutive and conditional tagged alleles for several receptors, allowing for the visualization of their cellular and subcellular localization. The study revealed new insights into the localization of receptors in the brain and their… Continue reading Constitutive and Conditional Epitope Tagging of Endogenous G-Protein-Coupled Receptors in Drosophila

An In Vivo High-Resolution Human Brain Atlas of Synaptic Density

AI SummaryThis article introduces an in vivo high-resolution human brain atlas of synaptic density, created using PET neuroimaging in healthy individuals. The atlas highlights distinct cortical and subcortical gradients of synapse density, showing variations in different brain regions. It also reveals a positive correlation between higher SV2A density in certain cortical areas and IQ. This… Continue reading An In Vivo High-Resolution Human Brain Atlas of Synaptic Density

Fast Inhibition Slows and Desynchronizes Mouse Auditory Efferent Neuron Activity

AI SummaryThe article discusses how the medial olivocochlear (MOC) neurons in the brainstem provide efferent inhibition of the cochlea at slower time scales despite being part of fast neural circuits. Through a novel in vitro slice preparation called the “wedge-slice,” researchers observed that inhibitory pathways accelerate relative to excitatory pathways, compensating for reduced precision in… Continue reading Fast Inhibition Slows and Desynchronizes Mouse Auditory Efferent Neuron Activity