Tag: Immunodeficiency Disorders

Trapping the HIV-1 V3 loop in a helical conformation enables broad neutralization

Abstract The third variable (V3) loop on the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein trimer is indispensable for virus cell entry. Conformational masking of V3 within the trimer allows efficient neutralization via V3 only by rare, broadly neutralizing glycan-dependent antibodies targeting the closed prefusion trimer but not by abundant antibodies that access the V3… Continue reading Trapping the HIV-1 V3 loop in a helical conformation enables broad neutralization

[Editorial] PEPFAR reauthorisation hangs in the balance

US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) supports HIV programmes in low-income countries hit hardest by HIV/AIDS . 20 million people are currently on HIV treatment and 1·5 million have access to pre-exposure prophylaxis thanks to PEPfAR . Over US$110 billion of investment has reshaped health systems: increasing surveillance capacity, creating large networks of… Continue reading [Editorial] PEPFAR reauthorisation hangs in the balance

Novel treatment based on gene editing safely and effectively removes HIV-like virus from genomes of non-human primates

A single injection of a novel CRISPR gene-editing treatment safely and efficiently removes SIV — a virus related to the AIDS-causing agent HIV — from the genomes of non-human primates, scientists now report. The groundbreaking work complements previous experiments as the basis for the first-ever clinical trial of an HIV gene-editing technology in human patients,… Continue reading Novel treatment based on gene editing safely and effectively removes HIV-like virus from genomes of non-human primates

Multicolor lifetime imaging and its application to HIV-1 uptake

Abstract Simultaneous imaging of nine fluorescent proteins is demonstrated in a single acquisition using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy combined with pulsed interleaved excitation of three laser lines. Multicolor imaging employing genetically encodable fluorescent proteins permits spatio-temporal live cell imaging of multiple cues. Here, we show that multicolor lifetime imaging allows visualization of quadruple labelled human… Continue reading Multicolor lifetime imaging and its application to HIV-1 uptake

Germ-free humanized mice reveal a crucial role for the gut microbiota in HIV and EBV pathogenesis

Directly analyzing the role of the gut microbiota during the course of infection with human-specific pathogens is not possible with existing methods. To overcome this problem, we developed a germ-free precision mouse model, which we used to compare the acquisition, replication and pathogenesis of HIV and Epstein–Barr virus. This is a preview of subscription content,… Continue reading Germ-free humanized mice reveal a crucial role for the gut microbiota in HIV and EBV pathogenesis

HIV-1-induced nuclear invaginations mediated by VAP-A, ORP3, and Rab7 complex explain infection of activated T cells

Abstract The mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) nuclear entry, required for productive infection, is not fully understood. Here, we report that in HeLa cells and activated CD4+ T cells infected with HIV-1 pseudotyped with VSV-G and native Env protein, respectively, Rab7+ late endosomes containing endocytosed HIV-1 promote the formation of nuclear envelope invaginations… Continue reading HIV-1-induced nuclear invaginations mediated by VAP-A, ORP3, and Rab7 complex explain infection of activated T cells