AI SummaryThe orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in the brain plays a role in evaluating oral sensations, such as the texture of fatty foods, which influences our preference for high-fat foods. This finding can help in designing low-calorie fat-replacement foods.Although overconsumption of high-fat foods is a major driver of weight gain, the neural mechanisms that link the… Continue reading A Neural Mechanism in the Human Orbitofrontal Cortex for Preferring High-Fat Foods Based on Oral Texture
Tag: Clinical and Applied Neuroscience
Major Surgery, Brain Injury, and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Very Preterm Infants
AI SummaryMajor surgery in very preterm infants is associated with an increased risk for brain injury and adverse motor outcomes, according to a study. Routine brain MRI and neurodevelopmental surveillance should be considered for this subgroup of infants.Objectives We determined whether (1) major surgery is associated with an increased risk for brain injury and adverse… Continue reading Major Surgery, Brain Injury, and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Very Preterm Infants
The First Cut Is Not Necessarily the Deepest: Major Surgery as a Marker of Brain Injury in Extreme Prematurity
AI SummaryPrematurity is a significant global health challenge, with 10% of births being premature and affecting multiple organ systems. Advances in neonatal medicine have improved survival rates, but prematurely born infants require frequent medical care.Prematurity is among the greatest challenges to child health across the globe.1 With close to 10% of births occurring prematurely resulting… Continue reading The First Cut Is Not Necessarily the Deepest: Major Surgery as a Marker of Brain Injury in Extreme Prematurity
Aging Brain Initiative symposium showcases “cutting-edge” research across MIT
AI SummaryMIT’s Aging Brain Initiative Symposium addressed the issue of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and ALS, by presenting research from various disciplines. The symposium featured discussions on the brain’s glymphatic system, mechanisms driving the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, and potential therapies. Projects funded by ABI seed grants were also highlighted. Additionally, the event included… Continue reading Aging Brain Initiative symposium showcases “cutting-edge” research across MIT
Dissociable Effects of Alzheimer’s Disease-Related Cognitive Dysfunction and Aging on Functional Brain Network Segregation
AI SummaryAlzheimer’s disease is associated with changes in brain network organization, with individuals with AD exhibiting less segregated brain networks. However, declines in brain network segregation are also seen with aging. This study examined the relationship between AD dementia severity, age, and brain network organization. The results showed that both dementia severity and increasing age… Continue reading Dissociable Effects of Alzheimer’s Disease-Related Cognitive Dysfunction and Aging on Functional Brain Network Segregation
Human Neuroimaging Reveals Differences in Activation and Connectivity between Real and Pantomimed Tool Use
Because the sophistication of tool use is vastly enhanced in humans compared with other species, a rich understanding of its neural substrates requires neuroscientific experiments in humans. Although functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has enabled many studies of tool-related neural processing, surprisingly few studies have examined real tool use. Rather, because of the many constraints… Continue reading Human Neuroimaging Reveals Differences in Activation and Connectivity between Real and Pantomimed Tool Use
Goal-Dependent Hippocampal Representations Facilitate Self-Control
AI SummaryHippocampal activity is important for decision-making, especially in situations where self-control is required. The way information is represented in the hippocampus and how it can be modified to achieve a goal affects self-control success. During a dietary self-control task, individuals who were better able to shift their hippocampal representations to align with their current… Continue reading Goal-Dependent Hippocampal Representations Facilitate Self-Control
You Can’t Heal What You Never Reveal: Searching for Consciousness in Chronic Care Facilities
AI SummaryTreatments for severe acute brain injury have improved, but some patients still experience prolonged disorders of consciousness. This article provides data on patients most likely to improve and the value of organized care systems for them.Treatments and systems of care for patients with severe acute brain injury have advanced substantially over the past 20… Continue reading You Can’t Heal What You Never Reveal: Searching for Consciousness in Chronic Care Facilities
Endovascular Thrombectomy in Patients With Very Low ASPECTS Scores: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Objectives Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have recently established the benefit of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in patients with large infarct core on baseline neuroimaging. We evaluated the utility of EVT in patients with very large infarct core, defined as Alberta Stroke Program Early CT scores (ASPECTS) of less than 3. Methods We performed a systematic review… Continue reading Endovascular Thrombectomy in Patients With Very Low ASPECTS Scores: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Prevalence of the Minimally Conscious State Among Institutionalized Patients in the Netherlands: A Nationwide Study
AI SummaryThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of patients in a minimally conscious state (MCS) in the Netherlands. The study found a low prevalence of institutionalized patients in MCS, with traumatic brain injury being a common cause. The findings are being used to improve care for patients in MCS.Background and Objectives… Continue reading Prevalence of the Minimally Conscious State Among Institutionalized Patients in the Netherlands: A Nationwide Study