Tag: Cell Signaling and Communication

NR4A ablation improves mitochondrial fitness for long persistence in human CAR-T cells against solid tumors

Background Antitumor effect of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells against solid tumors is limited due to various factors, such as low infiltration rate, poor expansion capacity, and exhaustion of T cells within the tumor. NR4A transcription factors have been shown to play important roles in T-cell exhaustion in mice. However, the precise contribution of each… Continue reading NR4A ablation improves mitochondrial fitness for long persistence in human CAR-T cells against solid tumors

Breast Cancer Index in Premenopausal Women With Early-Stage Hormone Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer

AI SummaryThis study examines the predictive and prognostic performance of the Breast Cancer Index in premenopausal women with early-stage hormone receptor-positive breast cancer who are receiving ovarian function suppression as part of their treatment. The goal is to determine the benefit of this index in guiding treatment decisions for this specific group of patients.This prospective-retrospective… Continue reading Breast Cancer Index in Premenopausal Women With Early-Stage Hormone Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer

The cytokine Meteorin-like inhibits anti-tumor CD8+ T cell responses by disrupting mitochondrial function

Bioenergetic insufficiency contributes to acquired CD8+ T cell hypofunction in tumors. The signals that drive CD 8+ TIL metabolic failure are largely unknown. Jackson et al. show that the cytokine Meteorin-like (METRNL) causes TIL hypofunction by promoting a bioenergetic shift from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis. Blocking the effects of METRNL restores CD8+ T cell metabolism and delays tumor growth.

Nucleophosmin 1 promotes mucosal immunity by supporting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and ILC3 activity

Abstract Nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) is commonly mutated in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia. Concurrent inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and MDS are common, indicating a close relationship between IBD and MDS. Here we examined the function of NPM1 in IBD and colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). NPM1 expression was reduced in patients with IBD. Npm1+/−… Continue reading Nucleophosmin 1 promotes mucosal immunity by supporting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and ILC3 activity

[ASAP] Aptamer-Based Enforced Phosphatase-Recruiting Chimeras Inhibit Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signal Transduction

AI SummaryThis article discusses the development of Aptamer-Based Enforced Phosphatase-Recruiting Chimeras that can inhibit receptor tyrosine kinase signal transduction. The use of these chimeras shows promise in regulating cell signaling pathways and potentially treating diseases related to overactive receptor tyrosine kinase signaling.

FXa-mediated PAR-2 promotes the efficacy of immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma through immune escape and anoikis resistance by inducing PD-L1 transcription

AI SummaryThe study investigates the role of coagulation factor Xa (FXa) in promoting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis through activation of proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2). The research demonstrates that FXa enhances anoikis resistance in HCC cells, leading to immune escape by inducing PD-L1 transcription. Inhibiting FXa with rivaroxaban shows promise in reducing HCC metastasis, decreasing PD-L1 expression,… Continue reading FXa-mediated PAR-2 promotes the efficacy of immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma through immune escape and anoikis resistance by inducing PD-L1 transcription

Traffic-related ultrafine particles hinder mitochondrial functions in olfactory mucosa

AI SummaryThis study demonstrates that ultrafine particles, particularly those originating from traffic, can impact the mitochondrial function of cells in the human olfactory mucosa. Specifically, these particles can disrupt oxidative phosphorylation and redox balance in these cells. This research highlights the potential health risks associated with exposure to UFPs and the importance of understanding their… Continue reading Traffic-related ultrafine particles hinder mitochondrial functions in olfactory mucosa

{beta}-arrestins Are Scaffolding Proteins Required for Shh-Mediated Axon Guidance

AI SummaryThis article discusses the role of β-arrestins as scaffolding proteins in Sonic hedgehog (Shh)-mediated axon guidance. The study found that β-arrestins form a complex with Smo and SFKs, essential for Shh signaling and axon guidance. Knockdown of β-arrestins blocked Src phosphorylation and disrupted Shh-mediated axon attraction. Dominant-negative β-arrestins also led to defects in axon… Continue reading {beta}-arrestins Are Scaffolding Proteins Required for Shh-Mediated Axon Guidance

Editors’ Picks, July 2024: Risks of CAR T-cell Therapy, Sarcoma Advances, and More

AI SummaryThis article presents the Editors’ Picks for July 2024, highlighting advancements in cancer research including risks associated with CAR T-cell therapy and sarcoma treatment. Key points include a review of secondary malignancies after CAR-T cell therapy, a study on oncogenic signaling pathways as a treatment strategy, optimization of screening strategies for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and… Continue reading Editors’ Picks, July 2024: Risks of CAR T-cell Therapy, Sarcoma Advances, and More