HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) can alter gene expression patterns and can lead to cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in neoplastic cells . These drugs have shown promising results in the treatment of multiple carcinoma including cervical cancer, T-cell lymphoma, brain cancer and breast cancer .
Tag: Adaptive Immunity
Recent histone deacetylase inhibitors in cancer therapy
Abstract Cancer metastasis increases the complexity of the disease and escalates patient mortality. Traditional chemotherapy has been associated with low efficacy and marked side effects. Studies pivot toward histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes and inhibitors because they are critical for chromatin structure, gene regulation, and cellular activities that are linked to metastasis and cancer progression. HDAC inhibitors… Continue reading Recent histone deacetylase inhibitors in cancer therapy
HIV-1-induced nuclear invaginations mediated by VAP-A, ORP3, and Rab7 complex explain infection of activated T cells
Abstract The mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) nuclear entry, required for productive infection, is not fully understood. Here, we report that in HeLa cells and activated CD4+ T cells infected with HIV-1 pseudotyped with VSV-G and native Env protein, respectively, Rab7+ late endosomes containing endocytosed HIV-1 promote the formation of nuclear envelope invaginations… Continue reading HIV-1-induced nuclear invaginations mediated by VAP-A, ORP3, and Rab7 complex explain infection of activated T cells
Identification of human exTreg cells as CD16+CD56+ cytotoxic CD4+ T cells
Abstract In atherosclerosis, some regulatory T (Treg) cells become exTreg cells. We crossed inducible Treg and exTreg cell lineage-tracker mice (FoxP3eGFP−Cre-ERT2ROSA26CAG-fl-stop-fl-tdTomato) to atherosclerosis-prone Apoe−/− mice, sorted Treg cells and exTreg cells and determined their transcriptomes by bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Genes that were differentially expressed between mouse Treg cells and exTreg cells and filtered for… Continue reading Identification of human exTreg cells as CD16+CD56+ cytotoxic CD4+ T cells
Runx factors launch T cell and innate lymphoid programs via direct and gene network-based mechanisms
Abstract Runx factors are essential for lineage specification of various hematopoietic cells, including T lymphocytes. However, they regulate context-specific genes and occupy distinct genomic regions in different cell types. Here, we show that dynamic Runx binding shifts in mouse early T cell development are mostly not restricted by local chromatin state but regulated by Runx… Continue reading Runx factors launch T cell and innate lymphoid programs via direct and gene network-based mechanisms
Study may bring improved therapy to preselected lung cancer patients
New findings may lead to relapse-free treatment for a sizeable subgroup of lung cancer patients. In a study in mice, scientists have identified a biomarker that may help physicians select lung cancer patients who can be treated with a single antibody-based drug that is likely to bring about full remission, without cancer relapse.
Remission from HIV-1 infection: Discovery of broadly neutralizing antibodies that contribute to virus control
Some HIV-1 carriers who have received an early antiretroviral treatment during several years are able to control the virus for a long term after treatment interruption. However, the mechanisms enabling this post-treatment control have not been fully elucidated. Scientists have now investigated and revealed how neutralizing antibodies, including those described as broadly neutralizing, contribute to… Continue reading Remission from HIV-1 infection: Discovery of broadly neutralizing antibodies that contribute to virus control
Functional tumor cell-intrinsic STING, not host STING, drives local and systemic antitumor immunity and therapy efficacy following cryoablation
Background Despite its potential utility in delivering direct tumor killing and in situ whole-cell tumor vaccination, tumor cryoablation produces highly variable and unpredictable clinical response, limiting its clinical utility. The mechanism(s) driving cryoablation-induced local antitumor immunity and the associated abscopal effect is not well understood. Methods The aim of this study was to identify and… Continue reading Functional tumor cell-intrinsic STING, not host STING, drives local and systemic antitumor immunity and therapy efficacy following cryoablation
Defining the spatial distribution of extracellular adenosine revealed a myeloid-dependent immunosuppressive microenvironment in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Background The prognosis for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains extremely poor. It has been suggested that the adenosine pathway contributes to the ability of PDAC to evade the immune system and hence, its resistance to immuno-oncology therapies (IOT), by generating extracellular adenosine (eAdo). Methods Using genetically engineered allograft models of PDAC in syngeneic… Continue reading Defining the spatial distribution of extracellular adenosine revealed a myeloid-dependent immunosuppressive microenvironment in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
H3K4 trimethylation regulates cancer immunity: a promising therapeutic target in combination with immunotherapy
Histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) is a pivotal epigenetic modification in cancer immunity regulation . It is deeply involved in modulating tumor immunogenicity, reshaping tumor immune microenvironment, and regulating immune cell functions .