Tag: Adaptive Immunity

Incompletely closed HIV-1CH040 envelope glycoproteins resist broadly neutralizing antibodies while mediating efficient HIV-1 entry

Abstract HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Envs) mediate viral entry and are sole target of neutralizing antibodies. Thus, HIV-1 Envs must maintain a delicate balance between evading neutralizing antibodies while still preserving viral compatibility to mediate entry into target cells. Here, we studied the viral entry effeciency, fitness, and replication of an incompletely closed, transmitted/founder HIV-1 Envs… Continue reading Incompletely closed HIV-1CH040 envelope glycoproteins resist broadly neutralizing antibodies while mediating efficient HIV-1 entry

Proteolysis-targeting influenza vaccine strains induce broad-spectrum immunity and in vivo protection

Abstract Generating effective live vaccines from intact viruses remains challenging owing to considerations of safety and immunogenicity. Approaches that can be applied in a systematic manner are needed. Here we created a library of live attenuated influenza vaccines by using diverse cellular E3 ubiquitin ligases to generate proteolysis-targeting (PROTAR) influenza A viruses. PROTAR viruses were… Continue reading Proteolysis-targeting influenza vaccine strains induce broad-spectrum immunity and in vivo protection

PROTAR Vaccine 2.0 generates influenza vaccines by degrading multiple viral proteins

Abstract Manipulating viral protein stability using the cellular ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) represents a promising approach for developing live-attenuated vaccines. The first-generation proteolysis-targeting (PROTAR) vaccine had limitations, as it incorporates proteasome-targeting degrons (PTDs) at only the terminal ends of viral proteins, potentially restricting its broad application. Here we developed the next-generation PROTAR vaccine approach, referred to… Continue reading PROTAR Vaccine 2.0 generates influenza vaccines by degrading multiple viral proteins

A triad of somatic mutagenesis converges in self-reactive B cells to cause a virus-induced autoimmune disease

Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis is a common complication of HCV infection. Young et al. reveal that three categories of somatic mutagenesis converge on a single B cell to generate pathogenic, autoantibody-producing clones in this virus-induced autoimmune disease, without evidence of molecular mimicry against the HCV E2 antigen as the initiating trigger.

Hepatitis E vaccination is effective in an epidemic

Hepatitis E, a potentially serious viral liver disease, is transmitted through contaminated water. The risk is particularly high in populations with limited access to safe water and sanitation. In South Sudan, outbreaks have regularly ravaged camps for internally displaced persons and their host populations. Although a vaccine has been available since 2011, its 3-dose regimen… Continue reading Hepatitis E vaccination is effective in an epidemic

Immune 87: When the immune system misbehaves

Immune discusses basophils as regulators of of lung inflammation over space and time, and neoself-antigens as the primary target for autoreactive T cells in human lupus. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cindy Leifer, Steph Langel, and Brianne Barker Click arrow to playDownload Immune 87 (100 MB .mp3, 69 min)Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, RSS, emailBecome a patron of Immune! Links for this episode MicrobeTV Discord… Continue reading Immune 87: When the immune system misbehaves