Football is the most popular team sport worldwide and active participation can improve cardiovascular and respiratory function, and locomotor skills. Nevertheless, there is concern about the risk of developing a neurodegenerative disease several decades after playing professional football. Epidemiological studies and case series have reported a high incidence of Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and isolated REM sleep behaviour disorder among retired male professional footballers.