PLA2G2E from peri-infarct-surviving neurons metabolizes phosphatidylserine to DGLA and 15-HETrE, which triggers functional recovery after ischemic stroke. These reparative lipid mediators induce PADI4 in peri-infarct-surviving neurons to initiate neural repair-associated gene expression through histone citrullination, demonstrating brain-autonomous extensive repair capabilities through lipid metabolism.