PD-L1/PD-1 checkpoint pathway regulates hippocampal neuronal excitability and learning and memory behavior

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In this study, Zhao et al. report that the PD-L1/PD-1 axis in hippocampal excitatory neurons regulates neuronal excitability, synaptic plasticity, and learning/memory. Blockade of PD-L1 or PD-1 is a new strategy to improve learning and memory in health and disease.