A component found in all fungi may provide a shield against flu-related lung damage, according to a new study.
A team of scientists led by Maziar Divangahi, a Professor in McGill’s Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Senior Scientist at the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, demonstrated that beta-glucan, administered to mice before their exposure to influenza, can reduce lung damage, improve lung function and lower the risk of illness and death.
Beta-glucan is found in all fungi, including mushrooms and yeast, as well as grains like oats and barley. The scientists discovered that a unique structure of this component can boost defences against pathogens.
While most research focuses on stopping the virus from replicating, this study explored how to regulate the body’s immunity to infection, a concept known as “disease tolerance.” The researchers discovered that beta-glucan significantly enhanced flu survival rates by modulating immune responses and preventing severe lung inflammation, a common cause of fatality.
These results, published in Nature Immunology, highlight beta-glucan as a promising therapy for influenza and other emerging viral pathogens, said the scientists, adding future research will explore whether the findings can be applied to humans.
“It is remarkable how beta-glucan can reprogram certain immune cells, such as neutrophils, to control excessive inflammation in the lung,” said first author Nargis Khan, who conducted this research as a postdoctoral fellow at McGill and is now an Assistant Professor at the University of Calgary.
“Neutrophils are traditionally known for causing inflammation, but beta-glucan has