Viral diseases continually threaten human health as evolving pathogens introduce new risks. These infections can lead to complications across organ systems, with impacts varying by virus type, infection severity, and individual immune response. This review examines the genotoxic stress caused by viral infections and its pathological consequences in humans.
Many aspects of viral infections are not directly related to the action of the virus in question. Complications associated with infections can be permanent or curable. One critical aspect of post-viral complications is the genotoxic effects of certain viruses. Genotoxicity refers to the ability of certain agents, including viruses, to damage the genetic material within host cells, potentially leading to cell dysfunction and cancer development. Genotoxic viruses, including HIV1, human papillomavirus (HPV)2, hepatitis B and C3, Epstein-Barr virus