AI Summary
The text discusses how the murine parainfluenza virus Sendai persists in lung innate immune cells, such as macrophages, type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), and dendritic cells, long after the infectious virus is cleared. These infected cells contribute to chronic lung pathology through the expression of Th2 inflammation-related genes associated with diseases like asthma. Lineage tracing revealed different functional groups of cells responsible for chronic pathology, and targeted cell ablation improved chronic lung disease. persistent infection in innate immune cells plays a crucial role in transitioning from acute to chronic lung diseases post-parainfluenza virus infection.
Common respiratory viruses, including the human parainfluenza viruses, threaten human health seasonally and associate with the development of chronic lung diseases. Evidence suggests that these viruses can persist, but the sources of viral products in vivo and their impact on chronic respiratory diseases remain unknown. Using the murine parainfluenza virus Sendai, we demonstrate that viral protein and RNA persist in lung macrophages, type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and dendritic cells long after the infectious virus is cleared. Cells containing persistent viral protein expressed Th2 inflammation-related transcriptomic signatures associated with the development of chronic lung diseases, including asthma. Lineage tracing demonstrated that distinct functional groups of cells contribute to the chronic pathology. Importantly, targeted ablation of infected cells significantly ameliorated chronic lung disease. Overall, we identified persistent infection of innate immune cells as a key factor in the progression from acute to chronic lung disease after infection with parainfluenza virus.
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