The massive scale-up of HIV treatment and prevention over the past two decades has resulted in important reductions in new infections and mortality globally . Reduction in HIV incidence has been unequal, however, with worsening epidemics in regions where the reach and scale of . HIV control programmes have been insufficient, especially in eastern Europe, central Asia, the Middle East, north Africa, and Latin America . People who inject drugs, men who have sex with men, transgender people and some minority racial and ethnic groups